Introduction to Chemistry - Chapter 13

Introduction to Chemistry - Chapter 13In Chemistry, Chapter 13 is called the 'Chapter on Chemical Interactions'. It contains the first five laws of chemical reactions. This law states that all reactions in which one compound chemically interacts with another compound or molecule are characterized by a change in one or more properties of that molecule.Number one state of matter is the solid. This state has an amorphous, liquid or gas in between its layers. The chemical bonds in this state can be broken by heat, light, or mechanical forces. These processes are all reversible. A liquid can be heated and it will expand or become a gas.Number two states of matter is the solid and its surroundings. The substance's bonds can be broken in several ways. It can be melted or cut with force or heat. It can be cut with heat only or by heat and mechanical force. There are no bonds in this state.Number three states of matter is the liquid. At this point, it is frozen or solidified. At this point th e bonds of the molecules have broken. A molecule may come into contact with another molecule which is not a molecule of the same element. These molecules can bond to each other resulting in new molecules and new bonds.The fourth state of matter is the gas. At this point the bonds of the molecules have broken. It can't exist without another molecule. The process is very similar to that of the liquid. This state can't exist without another state of matter.The fifth state of matter is the liquid and its surroundings. This state is completely solid. At this point the bonds of the molecules have not broken. The bonds can be broken by mechanical force or heat.The law of reaction states that this process is irreversible. This state can't exist without another state of matter.There are many different states of matter. There are substances that are solid and gases which are fluid. There are different elements that exist in solids, liquids, and gases. This chapter gives us the six laws of che mical reactions.